本研究為一相關性研究，目的在了解長期血液透析病患之無助感、社會支持與自我照顧行為的相關情形。採立意取樣，以結構式問卷在台南地區五所血液透析中心進行資料收集，共得131份有效問卷。研究結采發現: (1)自我照顧行為的標準化得分為73.54，屬於中上程度。(2)無助感的標準化得分為59.54，屬於中等程度。無助感與飲食選擇及瘻管照顧自我照顧行為呈正相關。(3)家人親友的支持與醫護人員的支持之標準化得分分別為56.92及68.530自我照顧行為與家人親友的支持呈正相關，與醫護人員的支持無顯著相關。(4)經由逐步複迴歸，有二個模式可預測整體自我照顧行為，分別為家人親友的支持及工作職業狀況可解釋整體自我照顧行為總變異量的16.6%。家人親友的支持及年齡可解釋整體自我照顧行為總變異量的13.6%。根據本研究結果，可提供護理處置的參考，並建議未來研究方向。

　　　　　The purpose of this study was to explore the helplessness, social support, and self-care behavior of hemodialysis patients. A total of 131 hemodialysis patients were obtained by purposed sampling at five hemodialysis centers in Tainan, Taiwan. The findings were as follows: (1) the standardized score for self-care behavior was 73.54, a medium-to-high rating level. (2) The standardized score for helplessness was 59.54, a medium rating level. Helplessness was significantly positively correlated with diet choices and fistula care behavior. (3) The standardized score for support of family and relatives was 56.92, and that for support of medical staff was 68.53. Self-care behavior was significantly positively correlated with support of family and relatives; it was not significantly correlated with support of medical staff. (4) There were two models to predict self-care behavior. In Model 1, support of family and relatives and occupational status accounted for 16.6% of variance in total self-care behavior. In Model 2, support of family and relatives and age accounted for 13.6% of variance in total self-care behavior. In view of the study results, nursing interventions are recommended, and suggestions are made for further research in this field.