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The Journal of Nursing Research MEDLINESCIEScopusSSCITSSCI

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篇名 Worksite Health Promotion--The Effects of an Employee Fitness Program
卷期 11:3
並列篇名 工作場所健康促進介入方案--員工健康體能促進計畫成效之探討
作者 張淑芳
頁次 227-230
關鍵字 健康促進體適能職場介入方案Health promotionPhysical fitnessWorksiteIntervention programMEDLINEScopusSSCITSCITSSCISCIE
出刊日期 200309

中文摘要

全民健康 (Health for All by the 2000) 是全球共同努力目標。由於青壯年 (15 - 65 歲)生產人口佔人口結構中的多數,因此,工作場所實施健康促進計畫是最具成本效益。本計畫主要之目的在經由健康體能介入方案之推動,以提升員工身體適能狀況。研究對象為台北地區某工作場所之員工,經設計一系列健康體能介入方案,包括體適能運動護照、每兩週專家健康講座、藉由電腦輔助以提供體適能知識、登山運動、個別電話提醒措施,以促進及提升員工體能的增進。
員工基本資料與體適能相關性分析得知,年齡與柔軟度 (r = -.81, p < .05)、平衡感 (r = -.259, p < .05)、協調性 (r =-.313, p < .05) 達統計上顯著差異;男性在肌耐力(t = 19.67, p < .05)、爆發力 (t = 14.51, p < .05) 及體脂肪率 (t = -8.95, p < .05) 改善狀況較女性為佳,同時達到統計上顯著差異;單身者較已婚者在柔軟度 (t = -3.030, p < .05)、平衡感 (t = -2.846, p < .05) 達統計上顯著差異;教育程度中,高中學歷者在爆發力 (F = 3.516, p < .05)、協調性 (F = 3.603, p < .05) 較大學及研究所以上為佳,並達統計上顯著差異;另檢定前測中,實驗組與控制組在基本資料與體適能之差異,經分析未達統計上顯著差異。
實驗組於前、後測結果發現,在平衡感 (t = 2.174, p < .05)、協調性 (t = 3.636, p < .05)及爆發力 (t = 1.304, p < .05),達統計上顯著差異。同時,控制組在前、後測結果,則未達統計差異。另本研究發現,介入措施後,實驗組較控制組在柔軟度 (t = -2.030, p < .05) 達統計上顯著差異。
由結果得知,本研究之限制與建議包括:(1)未來研究介入設計應考量有效運動處方,包括活動的種類、強度、持續時間及頻率,作為強化平衡感、協調性、爆發力、肌耐力及降低體脂肪率之依據,以提昇健康體能介入活動成效。(2)由於專家健康講座及體適能檢測介入計畫之舉辦時間,為員工中午用餐休息時間,故影響其參與計畫之意願。因此,雇主若能願意提供員工利用上班部份時間,參與健康促進計畫,將有助於計畫之推動。(3)本研究計畫共進行2 個月時間,建議未來應延長介入時間,以作長期研究追蹤。(4)77 位研究對象是以方便取樣獲得,建議未來應作隨機抽樣以增加研究之推論性。

英文摘要

     The World Health Organization (WHO) set 2000 as the Year of Health for All (WHO, 1978). Meanwhile, the goal of health for all has also become a very important policy in our country (Department of Health, the Executive Yuan, 2003 Jan. 20). With changing lifestyles, chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and gout have become major health problems (Despres & Lamarche, 1994). Therefore, disease prevention and health promotion have become very important health issues (Ulbrich, 1999). Health promotion is defined by WHO and it covers all activities related to health in a society (Cartherine & Ron, 1997). Optimally, the overall goal of health promotion activities at work is to empower the workers to achieve control over various determinants of health (Shephard, 1996), including all aspects of the working environment and also support for personal growth towards choices in life conductive to health (Cartherine & Ron, 1997). Because we spend most of our time at the worksite especially in the prime of life at ages 15 to 65, the worksite is the most appropriate location to implement health promotion plans (The Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 2000). The Department of Health conducted a large survey on the health promotion benefits of a worksite fitness plan in Taiwan in 1991. Some 86.5% of enterprises thought such a plan could improve their employees' health (Lin, 1991). In the USA, an investigation of workplaces showed that health and fitness plans could improve the health of about 53% of employees (Jacobson, Yenney, & Bisgard, 1993). One of the ways to promote health and fitness was to increase physical activity (Jacobson et al., 1993). The report presented evidence on physical benefits including reduction of blood pressure in those with hypertension, and maintenance of normal muscle strength and joint structure (Jacobson et al., 1993; Painter, Carison, Carey, Paul, & Myll, 2000). In addition, physical fitness and health lifestyle habits had been reported to lower the risk of death from disease, enhance the muscles, joints and bones, promote personal function and mental health. Given these benefits, many employers were implementing health and fitness programs in the workplace with the goals of improving and maintaining the health of their employees and increasing worker productivity (Voit, 2001). As many studies have revealed, multi-strategy intervention programs can effectively improve employees' health (Chen, 2002; Kao, 2002; Lu, 2002). Therefore, this research will combine multiple strategies to implement health-related programs to increase the fitness of employees. A quasi-experimental design was used. The purpose of the study was to test the effectiveness of an intervention program on health and fitness. Subjects who worked in Taipei companies were selected by convenience sampling. A total of 77 subjects were recruited, of whom 40 were assigned to an experimental group and 37 to a control group. All of the subjects underwent a pre-test measurement of physical fitness and their basic individual data was collected. For a period of eight weeks, the experimental group was provided with an intervention program including self-recording in a physical exercise passport, health education classes given by experts every two weeks, computer-assisted instruction (CAI) on the Internet to provide knowledge related to physical fitness, climbing activities, and individual nursing intervention by the researcher to remind subjects to continue exercising. By agreement with management, the expert health education classes and physical fitness tests were held only at lunchtime. After eight weeks, the two groups underwent a further measurement of physical fitness. The average age was 37.1 years old and the age range was from 22 to 50. The most prevalent level of education was junior college (58.2%) and the most common marital status was married (46.9%). The most common type of work pattern was day duties (91.0%) and the most common religionas Buddhism (45.2%). A majority felt that their own health was acceptable (65.5%), and most did not have diseases at present. There was no significant difference in demography and physical fitness test between the experimental and control groups at the pre-test.There was a negative correlation between age and flexibility (r = -.81, p < .05), balance (r = -.259, p < .05), and coordination (r = -.313, p < .05). The results showed significant differences between males and females, with males being better than females in strength (t = 19.67, p < .05), explosive force (t = 14.51, p < .05), and BMI (t = -8.95, p < .05). The degree of the explosive force in the high school group was better than the college and master's degree groups (F = 3.516, p < .05). The degree of coordination in the high school group was also better than the college and master's groups (F = 3.603, p < .05). In the experimental group, the results of pre- and post-tests showed significant differences, with post-test improvements in the balance (t = 2.174, p < .05), coordination (t = 3.636, p < .05), and explosive force (t = 1.304, p < .05). The experimental group was significantly better in flexibility (t = -2.030, p < .05) in the post-test than the control group. There were no significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in the control group. The results revealed that the multi-strategy intervention program could effectively improve employees' health. These results were similar to the results in the relevant studies by Chen (2002), Kao (2002), and Tseng (2003). Based on the results of this study, the limitations and recommendations for future research include: (1) If exercise programs are to be effective in producing the desired results, then the correct exercise prescription should be applied. Four variables should be controlled in the prescription of exercise (Ribisl, 2003): (a) type of activity, (b) intensity, (c) duration, and (d) frequency. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the choice of effective exercise prescriptions to enhance balance, coordination, explosive force, strength, and reduce the employee's BMI. (2) The fact that the expert health education classes and physical fitness tests were held at the lunchtime might have reduced the willingness of subjects to participate in the programs. Therefore, it was very important that the employer could support the intervention program and allow the employees to participate in the activities in a period of time when they were at work. (3) Subjects in the study were followed up for eight weeks only. Therefore, the researcher recommends extending the length of follow up time. (4) The total of 77 subjects were selected by convenience sampling; random selection is needed to enhance the generalization of this study's findings.

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