篇名 | 書寫忠烈--明末夏允彝、夏完淳父子殉節故事的形成與流傳 |
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卷期 | 26 |
並列篇名 | Making the Martyrology of Two Late-Ming Loyalists: Hsia Yun-i and Hsia Wan-ch'un |
作者 | 孫慧敏 |
頁次 | 263-307 |
關鍵字 | 夏允彝 、 夏完淳 、 忠烈 、 鄉賢 、 少年 、 Hsia Yun-i 、 Hsia Wan-ch'un 、 Loyalism 、 Ming-ch'ing transition 、 THCI 、 TSCI |
出刊日期 | 200012 |
夏允彝(1596~1645)與夏完淳(1631~1647)父子,是明末清初抗清運動中的兩位死難者。他們雖然出身平凡、仕宦不顯,而且也不是最「艱苦卓絕」、最「慘烈」的個案,但他們的故事,卻在其死難後的三百多年中,逐步從眾多忠烈故事裡脫穎而出。筆者認為,這與夏氏父子的同鄉後輩運用松江地區在經濟與文化上的優勢條件,來營造對夏氏父子的鄉賢崇拜有關。而夏氏父子相關文獻的彙集、刊刻與流傳,一方面使他們逐步從「鄉賢」轉化為「國殤」,另一方面也使他們的故事,有了可資依傍的基調。到了晚清,由於「少年」、「青年」族群的興起,夏氏父子的歷史地位產生明顯的消長。在這樣的時代環境下,夏完淳的「年少殉國」,被突顯為一項無與倫比的卓越特質,而他也因此而成為清末民國時期重要的青年偶像。
Hsia Yun-I (1596~1645) and Hsia Wan-ch'un (1631~1647) were father and son, both of them died because of taking part in the anti-Ch'ing movement in Sung-chang. Although they were not the most famous martyrs in the beginning, they became figures adored by the local literati at first, and then gained national-wide fame because of the efforts of their younger countrymen.
During Late-Ch'ing and early Republican period, the rising ""youngsters"" began to praise the youngest martyr Hsia Wan-ch'un. In the new martyrology of Hsia family, the son, but not the father, became the main character.