唐人張守節《史記正義》係學術價值最高的《史記》古注之一。宋人合刻《史記》三家注，於《正義》刪削獨多。合刻本大行於世後，單本《正義》即在中土失傳。二十世紀初葉，日人瀧川資言從傳入彼邦的《史記》古本欄外標注，手輯《正義佚存》一千餘條，散入《史記會注考證》相關史文之下。讀《史》者盛讚其便。二十世紀中葉，程金造發表〈《史記會注考證》新增正義的來源和真偽〉，宣稱佚存《正義》係以偽為真，十分之九出自彼邦人士的偽託。其說迄今仍被學界奉為定論，備受尊崇。細審程文，其引據立論的瀧川資言的一段文字，竟是經他精心剪輯而成以利其批評的文本。程氏從佚存《正義》中精心選來欲證明其為偽託的例句，經逐條平議，反而證明其非張守節所作莫屬。佚存《正義》實為失傳已久的部分《正義》的重見天日。瀧川資言不愧為守節功臣。程氏妄說則須推倒，以免貽誤後學。

　The Shiji Zhengyi 史記正義, by Zhang Shoujie 張守節, a Tang Dynasty scholar, is one of the most valuable classical commentaries on the Shiji (the Historical Records). The Song Dynasty Collected Annotations by Three Scholars on the Shiji 史記三家注 drastically abridged the content of the Zhengyi. After the Collected Annotations became the standard edition, the Zhengyi sank into oblivion. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Japanese scholar Takekawa Kametaro 瀧川資言 recovered more than a thousand missing annotations from the Zhengyi, which he found in marginal notes in ancient copies of the Shiji that had found their way to Japan. He later attached these to the corresponding passages in the Collected Annotations on and Examination of the Shiji 史記會注考證, a philological effort that was greatly appreciated in scholarly circles. In the mid-20th century, Cheng Jinzao 程金造 published an article in which he claimed that the recovered Zhengyi reported false events as true and was probably a forgery by the Japanese. Cheng's judgment has been regarded as authoritative and has enjoyed unquestioned prestige in academic circles.
　The present paper is a meticulous, critical re-examination of Cheng's thesis. It finds that the passage Cheng cited from Takekawa Kametaro as the point of departure for his theory is problematic, having been deliberately altered in order to support Cheng's position. All the arguments based on it are thereby unsound. After carefully evaluating every example Cheng selected from the recovered Zhengyi to establish his theory, this paper concludes that far from being a forgery, the recovered Zhengyi represents the genuine work of Zhang Shoujie, brought into daylight after long obscurity. Takekawa Kametaro deserves credit for his impressive philological achievement on behalf of Zhang Shoujie, and Cheng's theory must be rejected, so that it ceases to mislead scholars.