近年來，山岳旅遊（Mountain tourism）已
成為全球最蓬勃發展的戶外休閒遊憩活動，例
如 2002 年是聯合國的『國際生態旅遊年』，
也更是『國際山岳年』。然而山岳旅遊起源與
內涵，少有文獻上的探討，可能的原因是發展
時間很短，至今不到十年。不過若由中華文化
的發展來看，從魏晉時代到現代，有著大量抒
發心懷或記載遊山玩水遊憩活動的山水文學。
這些騷人墨客到了遊憩目的地，看到什麼？或
是什麼因素吸引著他們？這些都可以透過歷史
典籍或山水詩詞，找到蛛絲馬跡。山岳旅遊一
詞的概念，源於西方於 1786 年攀登阿爾卑斯
山最高峰之後的登山運動，再進展到以山岳休
閒為主的旅遊活動。當時的登山活動與中華文
化山水文學，都是在壯麗自然地景的吸引下，
發生遊憩活動的產物。所以本研究透過中華文
化歷史典籍的記載，嘗試找尋出山岳旅遊的起
源；再透過中華文化山水文學的發展，以及西
方山岳旅遊發展的歷程，建構出山岳旅遊的基
本內涵。研究結果顯示，中華文化山岳旅遊的
起源，可追溯至 4600 多年前的黃帝；然而依
信度較高的典籍記載，則源於 3000 多年前的
殷商時代。山岳旅遊基本內涵上，則有自然與
文化兩大二元特性，資源面上則有稀少性、多
樣性、脆弱性、不可移置性、不可更新性等多
種特性，以及地景資源、登山運動與山岳生態
旅遊三大內容。

Mount a i n tou r ism is t he most rapidly
growing outdoor recreation industry. For pushing
a nd promote mount a i n tou r ism, The World
Tourism Organization（WTO）and UNEP conamed
the year 2002 as the International Year of
Ecotourism（IYE）and 2002 was also declared
t he Inter nationa l Yea r of Mount a i ns by t he
United Nations. However, very little literature
has discussed the or igins a nd the essence of
mountain tourism. This may be the result of less
than ten years of development. In the view of the
development of Chinese culture from the Wei-
Jin Age to the present, there is a lot of landscape
poetry and literature. What did the famous poets
see, and by what factors were they attracted?
The a nswers ca n be discovered in histor ica l
literat u re a nd la ndscape poet r y. In wester n
culture, the concept of ‘ mountain tourism’
originated in Alpine mountaineering after the
highest peak was conquered in 1786. Mountain
activity was regarded as a sport or activity. Both
Chinese and Western writers are fascinated by
famous mountains after visiting them. This study
attempts to discover the origin and essence of
mountain tourism from ancient Chinese historical
records and the development of Chinese landscape
literature, and through the historical evolution
of European mountaineering during the 19th
century. The results reveal that the first mountain
tour ism activity in Chinese history could be
ascribed to the Yellow Emperor（Huang Ti）
in 2600 B.C. However, most schola rs believe
that the first event of mountain tourism could
be adduced to the records of the Shang Dynasty
since 1000 B.C. Based on the essence of mountain
tou r ism, its i ntention compr ises t he dua lity
of nature and culture. In its resource aspects,
there are five characteristics: rareness, diversity,
fragility, immovability, and non-renewability.
Finally, mountain tourism is composed of three
parts: landscape resource, mountaineering, and
ecotourism.