奈米科技廣泛應用於許多領域，在生物醫學的應用可幫助疾病的診斷與治療，提升大眾的健康，但是奈米材料可能引發的健康及環境危害也引發大家的關注。目前大家認為與健康危害有關的奈米材料主要是游離奈米微粒，奈米微粒於環境中可經由呼吸道、皮膚或腸胃道進入人體，而在醫療用途上，可經注射直接進入人體。目前研究顯示奈米微粒可引起肺部發炎及纖維化反應，但是對其他器官的危害並不清楚，與這些奈米微粒毒性有關的因子，包括成分、粒徑、表面積、形狀及表面特性與活性等。本文將回顧奈米微粒之毒性，也同時針對目前奈米毒理研究遇到之困難，提出可能解決辦法，希望能提升對奈米毒理的暸解。

With the advent of nanotechnologies, potential health hazards of nanoparticles have raised great concern. Nanoparticles may enter human bodies through inhalation, ingestion and skin penetration, while biomedical nanomaterial often enters human body through injection. Studies have shown that nanoparticles can cause lung inflammation and fibrosis, however, the effects on other systems remain unclear. The factors associated with health hazards include component, size, shape, surface area, and surface reactivity. In this report, we summarize the toxicological study of nanoparticles and also propose solutions for the problems with nanotoxicological studies.