最後通牒賽局是一簡單的談判賽局，但有理論和應用上的重要性。賽局理論對於最後通牒賽局的談判結果有一精確的理論預測，不過此一理論預測卻遭到實驗證據一再推翻否定。最後通牒賽局的理論預測和實證資料不符不一致，其原因究竟為何？本文從各種不同角度回顧文獻的相關研究， 涉及行為經濟學、人類學、甚至腦神經科學的發現。

Ultimatum game is a simple bargaining game. Although simple, it is important in theory and practice. Game theory gives a precise prediction regarding the bargaining outcome of the ultimatum game. However, this precise prediction receives an outright rejection from experimental data. What are the possible reasons for the observed deviation between theoretic prediction and experimental data? This paper surveys the relevant literature from a variety of fields, including behavioral economics, anthropology, and neuroscience.