本研究主要目的在探討運動參與背景因素對受試者之體適能的影響，以醒吾技術學院新生374人為研究對象，實施運動參與背景因素調查及體適能測驗，所蒐集之資料以t考驗、獨立樣本單因子變異數分(one-way ANOVA)進行比較分析，提出下列結論：1.不同運動參與背景因素的男生其體適能之差異：(1)在柔軟度項目，家庭是否鼓勵運動，差異達顯著水準p<.05；(2)在心肺耐力項目，中學期間是否參加校隊及是否代表學校參加比較，差異達顯著水準p<.05。2.不同運動參與背景因素的女性其體適能之差異：(1)在肌力項目，中學期間參加校內活動，差異達顯著水準p<.05；(2)在瞬發力項目，家庭是否鼓勵運動及中學期間參加校內活動，差異達顯著水準p<.05；(3)心肺耐力項目，中學期間參加校內活動，差異達顯著水準p<.05。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of student’s. The Effects of Background Factors of Exercise Participation on physical fitness. The subjects of study are 374 new students at Hsing Wu College. They were given a questionnaire on their exercise habit background and physical fitness test were administered to them Chi-square, t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test the hypothesis. The findings are:
　　 1.Different Background factors of exercise participation and physical fitness of male students: (1)variance in body flexibility is related to encouragement of exercise in the family, with significance level p<.05; (2)variance in cardiopulmonary endurance is related to participation in school sports activities and participation in a high school representative team and participation in competition on behalf of high school, with significance level p<.05.
　　 2.Different Background factors of secrecies participation and physical fitness of female students: (1)variance in muscle power is related to participation in high school sports activities, with significance level p<.05; (2)variance in explosive power is related to parental encouragement of exercise and participation in sports activities at high school, with significance level p<.05; (3)variance in cardiopulmonary endurance is related to participation in high school sports activities, with significance level p<.05.