深入瞭解職業意外事故發生的原因，可將有限的防災資源集中投入在較易發生職災的情境因素，以獲取預防與控制職災的最大效益。Tuominen 與 Saari (1982) 認為找出影響意外事故發生與否的因素，是避免職業意外事故的基礎。這些可能的潛在因素包含工作者的個人因素、營造作業環境、作業機具、從事的作業類型及管理因素，這些影響因素的組合就是引發意外事故的主要情境，因此本研究分析台灣地區民國90-94年間營造業墜落重大職災的414個案，從中分析出引發營造業墜落重大職災的主要情境。先找出每件墜落個案的個人因素 (年齡、性別、工作經驗)、執行作業、環境因素、管理因素 (公司雇用人數、安全設施及個人安全裝備)、發生原因及墜落地點；接著採用標準化發生比SMR比較不同年齡、性別、公司規模的差異，並統計各因素的次數分配。由於營造工地現場除了個人安全裝備是穿戴在勞工身上外，其餘的防墜措施均設置在有墜落之虞之地點，不同的作業地點其適合的防墜措施有所差異，因此採用墜落地點作為選用防墜措施的參考，並應用Phi分析找出墜落原因及墜落地點的相關性，提出有效的防災策略，以期降低墜落職災發生率。

Accident analysis is an important source of information when developing accident prevention strategies and decisions. As stated by Tuominen and Saari (1982), an essential phase of accident analysis is the specification of factors found to influence the identified events. These factors may include individual factors, working environment, tools, and performed tasks. The current study analyzed 414 work-related single fatalities from the years 2001 to 2005 in terms of individual factors (age, gender, and experience), performed tasks, environmental factors, management factors (the company size measured by the number of workers, safety equipment, and the use of personal protective equipment), causes of these accidents, and site of the fall. The Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) was used to compare different levels of age, gender, and company size, and to control for these factors. Besides personal protective equipment, other fall protection measures are used at potential falling sites. Therefore, potential protection measures were determined based on significant associations between cause of the fall and the falling site. Results from this analysis could lead to more effective safety training, protective equipment and devices, and compliance with established procedures.