本研究之目的係經由瞭解兒童的家庭環境因素與閱讀能力之相關後，再進一步對影響個人閱讀能力之相關家庭環境因素作一探討。以五年級學生為研究對象，研究工具有中文年級認字量表，以及自編之國小高年級閱讀理解測驗、語意區辨測驗和家庭環境變項調查表。

所得之資料以Pearson積差相關、變異數分析、逐步多元迴歸分析進行資料分析，結果如下：
1.整體而言「閱讀氣氛和習慣」、「父母關心孩子學業和期望」和認字及閱讀理解間有顯著相關存在。
2.家庭環境變項對認字能力之預測分析，以「閱讀氣氛和習慣」最重要；家庭環境變項對閱讀理解能力之預測分析，研究結果則發現以「父母關心孩子的學業和期望」變項最為重要。

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of family surroundings on reading ability. Subjects of this study were 511 students, randomly selected from Tainan Country and Kaoshiung City. The test materials in this research included: the Grade Chinese Characters Reading Test, Reading Comprehension Test（the fifth grade）, Semantic Distinction Test, and Family Surroundings Inventory.The data were analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlations, ANOVA, Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis. The results of this study are listed as follows:1. “The atmosphere and habits of reading”, “The parents’ expectation and caring about children’s achievement” were significantly related to “word recognition” and “reading comprehension.”2. Among family surroundings variables, “The atmosphere and habits of reading” subscale significantly predicted the ability of word recognition; however, “The parents’ expectation and caring about children’s achievement” subscale more significantly predicted the ability of reading comprehension.