背　景 子宮頸癌係臺灣婦女癌症發生率第一位，子宮頸抹片檢查為國際公認防治子宮頸癌最有效的篩檢工具。
目　的 本研究旨瞭解婦女未曾接受子宮頸抹片檢查之因素。
方　法 採質性研究法，以滾雪球方式，從社區活動中徵求願意分享經驗未曾接受子宮頸抹片檢查之婦女，經其同意後，填妥知情同意書，以訓練訪員方式，至個案家中或與其約定訪談地點，利用半結構性訪談指引，進行一對一的深度訪談。訪談內容徵求研究對象同意全程錄音，並將所得資料轉為逐字稿；再以內容分析法進行資料分析與歸納。
結　果 共訪談29位婦女，研究結果可概括四項主題，分別為：內診之負向經驗：不適當之曝露及等待、內診檯面污穢之衝擊、缺乏人性化關懷的就診環境、疼痛之恐懼、未婚就診之壓力；健康信念的迷思與疑惑：宿命觀、無異常之徵兆、高危險群的迷思、異常結果之擔憂與疑惑；性別文化之桎梏：對男醫師之排斥、檢查檯上暴露之壓力；宣達未切入人心：重點宣導不足、流程之認知不清。
結　論 基於本研究結果，建議加強婦女預防保健觀念、強化婦女就醫親善環境、提供女醫師予年紀大或無法接受男醫師篩檢之婦女。本研究結果有助於護理人員進一步瞭解婦女未曾接受子宮頸抹片檢查之原因，作為提昇篩檢率之參考。

Background: Cervical cancer is the leading malignant neoplasm of women in Taiwan. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening test is generally considered the best approach to reduce deaths due to cervical cancer.
Purpose: Investigate factors influencing the failure of some women to register for and take regular cervical screenings.
Methods: This was a qualitative study that employed a snowball approach to recruit a total of 29 female participants, who all provided informed consent. The number and point in time of interviews were determined by each participant’s situation. Interviews were conducted one-to-one and in person by the first author. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide and subject interviews were tape recorded for subsequent coding. Interview content was analyzed and categorized using the content analysis method.
Results: Four main themes related to participants’ experience included: previous negative experiences with gynecological examinations (e.g., lack of exposure and excessive waiting, unhygienic examination table, uncomfortable atmosphere, fear of pain, pressures specific to unmarried women related to gynecology examinations), preconceptions and worries regarding personal health (e.g., fatalism, lack of symptoms, belief of being in a high-risk group, worry of devastating diagnosis), sexual and cultural conflicts (e.g., rejection of male doctors, examination embarrassment pressures), and inadequate knowledge regarding cervical screening (e.g., lack of understanding of screening benefits or of screening procedures).
Conclusion: Based on study results, we suggest ensuring a patient-friendly setting for pelvic examinations. To enhance the effectiveness of health promotion messages, female doctors should be available for older women and other women who are unwilling to take an examination with a male doctor. This study offers useful information to nurses responsible for handling patient Pap smear screenings.