隨著醫療科技的日新月異，慢性腎衰竭病人可以接受腎移植而改善生活品質，然而付出的代價除了急慢性排斥的問題之外，移植後高血糖也是已知腎臟移植後的常見合併症。同時，血糖升高導致代謝紊亂，增加高血脂症和高血壓的發病率，加重腎功能損害且易於發生感染，也是移植腎失去功能的重要原因之一。本文回顧國內外對於腎臟移植術後高血糖相關論文，針對腎臟移植後高血糖的定義與盛行率，病理機轉，及腎臟移植後高血糖的影響，以至於如何早期偵測及處理腎臟移植後高血糖做一整理。

Immunotherapeutic advancements let the patients with chronic renal failure have a chance to receive the renal transplantation and to be relieved from the chronic dialysis. However, some problems couple with
the improving recipient's life quality, and one of them is the post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM). Aggressive pre- and post-renal transplantation screenings will effectively detect the glucose dysregulation. Furthermore, through modifications of lifestyles and risk factors, drug adjustments and drug interventions may decrease its serious impacts, especially the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We reviewed articles about the renal transplantation-associated hyperglycemia: the definition and prevalence of hyperglycemia after renal
transplantation, the underlying pathogenesis, clinical impacts and the way of early detection and managements.