本文旨在結合前人的研究業績，以《史記?扁鵲倉公?傳》命題的意義?考察重點，探討司馬遷??麼編寫這部?傳的緣由和意旨，分析史家個人的?想、關懷及感慨與中國古代醫?活動實態間的可能關係，並?討?晚周秦漢醫?史的發展提供必要的基礎。研究發現，司馬遷以扁鵲、倉公?這部?傳命名，大體有幾項可能原因：一、扁鵲是周秦至漢初傳誦於民間及醫家之間的一位精熟脈學的?醫的稱號，司馬遷援引這位傳?人物的故事，一方面是希望透過扁鵲診治疾病的過程展現醫?者的?想形象；另一方面也企圖藉由扁鵲?統治階層診治疾病的故事提示當代及後世人主治國的當然之道。二、倉公無疑是一位?史人物，倉公之號的形成則與其遭人告劾而繫獄長安的經?有關，司馬遷一方面希望藉由倉公?醫的事??明扁鵲脈學在當代社會的進一步發展，以表彰其貢獻；另一方面也藉由倉公?醫的經?披?漢初?姓宗親貴冑的生活習尚，間接表達?他對文、景之治的諷議。三、司馬遷對扁鵲「以伎?殃」和倉公「?跡自隱而當刑」遭遇的關注，則反映?司馬遷對個人遭際的感慨和他對時政的譏議。

This article tries to analyze the reasons why Ssuma Chien took Bianchueh and Tsangkong instead of their full name, which were Chin Yueh-jen and Tsueny? Yi, or their group name kike physician, as the title for their biographies. This study has acquired several conclusions as following. At first, Bianchueh, possessing expertise of mai(脈), was actually a fictional figure in the folk legends since pre-Chin era, whom Ssuma took to exemplify an ideal image of physician. To Ssuma Chien, an ideal physician not only can diagnose the causes of diseases accurately and cure diseases of individual persons adequately, but also can demonstrate with his therapeutic process the right ways for the political rulers to manage a state. Secondly, Tsangkong was without doubt a real historical figure, whom was also taken as the successor of Bianchueh in the early West Han period. However, his experience as a physician, of which he was put into jail by his nasty patients once, showed the deteriorated and corruptive lives lived by the members of Han's royal family. Thirdly, there were two major possible reasons why Ssuma Chien deliberately took Bianchueh and Tsangkong instead of their full name as the title for their biographies. On the one hand, he tried to express his disapproval to the rule of Emperor Wu, how had sentenced him to castration without mercy on his loyalty, by the legendary death of Bianchueh and the unfair trial put on Tsangkong. On the other hand, he tried to propose an observation of what is the inevitable fate of a subject, which was all at disposal by an imperial ruling structure.