目標：國內自1988年通報第1例母子垂直感染愛滋病毒個案，至2003年底累積9名個案。本文旨在了解個案感染之相關因素及預後，以收防微杜漸之效。方法：母子垂直感染個案為獲自所研析疾病管制局1988至2003年的通報資料庫，我們進一步透過家庭訪視收集感染疾病史相關資料，再以描述性統計歸納。結果：9名個案，男4名、女5名。通報時年齡最大8歲、最小1歲。9名個案分別由8位愛滋母親所生（3位外國籍），其中7位懷孕生產皆不知已感染，1位已知感染但隱瞞感染事實，8位母親懷孕產檢皆無愛滋病毒篩檢，造成9位愛滋嬰兒皆未有預防措施而感染。又4對夫妻雙方皆感染，3位小孩因父母一方刻意隱瞞造成對方感染而發生。結論：為防治國內母子愛滋病毒垂直感染，全民健保應提供孕婦愛滋病毒諮商篩檢服務，並研議保障感染者配偶和性伴侶相對健康權的法令等政策。

　　　　　Objectives: This report described the prevalence and clinical characteristics of rotavirus infection among children aged 5 years and younger with acute gastroenteritis receiving cares at four medical centers in Taiwan.Methods: The surveillance data from April 2001 and October 2002 for childhood gastroenteritis, obtained from the Center for Disease Control, Department of Health, Executive Yuan were used to calculate counts and rates among inpatients, emergency patients, and outpatients.Results: Among 2477 gastroenteritis cases, there were more inpatients (74.8%) than emergency patients (22.3%) and outpatients (2.9%). Most reported children (65.2%) were between 6 to 36 months of age with a peak shown between 6 to 11 months of age (20.6%). Rotavirus was the predominant pathogen (43.6%) with the prevalence rate being higher for inpatients (47.1%) than for emergency patients (33.9%) and outpatients (28.8%). Inpatients were also more likely than others to have infections of bacteria (11.7%), adenovirus (2.9%), or dual types of pathogen (4.5%). Patients with rotavirus infection were likely to have diarrhea (93.7%), fever (63.9%), and dehydration (54.8%). These symptoms were also more prevalent in inpatients than in other patients.Conclusion: In infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis receiving care at medical centers are more likely to have the rotavirus infection, particularly for inpatients. We also speculate that the rotavirus infection is relatively low among gastroenteritis patients being cared for by community physicians.