目標：為使菸害防制工作順利推動，國人之吸菸率及吸菸行為需定期監測，故舉辦本次全國性之吸菸調查。方法：根據人口資料及歷年吸菸率，計算本調查應完成之樣本數。受委託之電話訪問公司於民國八十八年一月，利用吸菸行為問卷完成資料收集。結果：主要發現包括：(1)男性成人和女性成人目前有吸菸之比率分別為47.29%和5.23%；(2)有吸菸者第一次吸菸之平均年齡介於18.5至19.9歲；(3)有47.41%的每天吸菸者，和65.74%的偶而吸菸者，在過去一年曾經戒菸；(4)年齡、教育程度、居住地區、同住者是否吸菸、對公共場所禁菸的態度、及工作場所是否禁菸等變項，可 分別預測男性和女性成人之吸菸狀態；(5)年齡、教育程度、同住者是否吸菸、及對公共場所禁菸之態度等變項，可以預測男性成人是否戒菸。結論：由於女性成人吸菸率有上升趨勢，應鼓勵以「女性吸菸」為題之研究計畫。為提昇吸菸高危險群想要戒菸之動機，可應用各種理論發展創新性之策略。為提高戒菸成功率，應提供想要戒菸者有效的戒菸方法。雇主應確實執行職場禁菸之規定，使員工的健康獲得保障。

　　　　　Objectives: In order to facilitate tobacco control task, people's prevalence and behaviors related to cigarette use need to be monitored regularly. A national smoking survey was thus conducted in Taiwan. Methods: Based on demographic data and previous smoking rates, the sample size was estimated. Using a set of structured questionnaires, a telephone company was entrusted to collect data in January 1999. Results: (1) Current smoking rates for male adults and female adults are 47.29% and 5.23%, respectively. (2) The average age for first trial of cigarette smoking is between 18.5 and 19.9 years, respectively. (3) Among the adults, 47.41% of daily smokers and 65.74% of occasional smokers reported that they had ever tried to quit smoking last year. (4) The variables including age, educational level, living place, whether the roommate is smoking, attitudes toward smoking ban in public places, and whether the workplace has smoking ban are significant predictors for male and female adults' smoking status. (5) Age, educational level, whether the roommate is smoking, and attitudes toward smoking ban in public places are significant predictors to quit smoking for male adults. Conclusions: Female adults' smoking rates tend to increase. The research projects focusing on investigating female smoking should be encouraged. In order to urge a smoker to quit, the innovative strategies should be created. The effective cessation methods should be introduced to those smokers who attempt to quit. In order to protect the employee s' health, the employers should conduct smoking ban in workplace.