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哲學與文化 A&HCICSSCI

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篇名 儒家成己成性的哲學追求─以《中庸》之「誠」為中心
卷期 36:11=426
並列篇名 Confucian’s Philosophical Pursue Towards the Self-becoming and Natur-becoming —Focusing on The Doctrine of the Mean
作者 余治平
頁次 005-023
關鍵字 中庸物自身成己成性Sinceritythe MeanThing in Itselfto Become Oneselfto Become Its Own NatureA&HCI
出刊日期 200911

中文摘要

《中庸》之誠,始終離不開物,物之為物註定與「誠」聯繫在一起。將「誠」提升到與物的生、成、形、滅相始終的地位,是《中庸》的獨到發明。誠,指涉物自身的生生、存在,是物自己的純粹的天。誠的天道,是以它自身的方式而存在,是其所是。而誠的人道則意味著人試圖主動地感通、應合於物,而這構成了人生存於世界之中的價值。由「至誠」而「盡性」,再「盡人之性」、「盡物之性」而「贊天地化育」,最終「與天地參」,構成了物自身自內在本體而外在現象的本體論發生學的因果鎖鏈,所以能夠最直接、最真實地達到誠,回歸於物自身。「天下至誠」可以闡發宇宙發生的根本大道,而人心至誠、盡人之性則必然能夠產生道、化育物。這一進路運用邏輯而又超越邏輯,借助知識論結構卻又能夠上升到本體論高度,使人知於物卻又能夠讓物自身活起來,賦予物以生的意義,於是,宇宙世界才顯得一片盎然生機,萬事萬物才充滿神性的光輝。「至誠無息」是整個《中庸》的法眼。誠是物自身始終專注於自己並成為自己的執著,所揭示的是物的生生過程與存在經歷。天地以生生為道。天、自然、萬物的存在之道就是它們各自的連續性生存。物因為誠而獲得了自身的存在,永無停滯,生生不息、流行不已。至誠之道就是物的生生之道,就是物的存在之道、運動之道。人性、物性、天性、地性都只是誠,或誠性,只是它們各自的自身而已。「盡人之性」、「盡物之性」應該被理解為回歸、返終於自生、自在、自澄明、自綻出的人性與物性。而追求人之為人的天性,必須依賴於致誠、持誠的方法。

英文摘要

The concept of Sincerity in The Doctrine of the Mean can never depart from thing. Thing as a thing itself is destined to contact with Sincerity all the time. To advance the Sincerity upon the status, which concomitants thing’s coming to be itself, can only be own to The Doctrine of the Mean. Sincerity involves the coming to be true, existing of thing itself, which belong to the pure Heaven of thing itself. The nature-way of Sincerity only means that thing exists in its own manner, to be itself. And its human-way is just that, man can communicate and respond the natural thing, this is the value of our human being in the world. To make the sincerity completely expand, and to let the inner nature (both human’s and thing’s) spread widely, moreover to assist the transforming and nourishing powers of Heaven and Earth, finally it may form a ternion with Heaven and Earth. These constitute the ball and chain of cause and effect on the noumenon-generating of thing in itself. Thus one can reach the concept of Sincerity and regress to thing in itself directly. “The most complete sincerity” of Heaven and Earth can explain the fundamental law, how universe can occur, and for human mind, or existing his nature means that he can make the law and rear everything. This pathway handles logic and beyond logic, by dint of the framework of episteme, and can raise itself on the height of ontology. Thus make person know things and make thing in itself alive, thing is endowed the meaning of existing. Therefore universe is looked abundant and vital force, everything full of deiform blaze. The sentence of “hence to entire sincerity there belongs ceaselessness” is just the key point of The Doctrine of the Mean. The concept of Sincerity is a kind of persisting on thing in itself, which devotes his mind to himself and become himself all. It opens out the process of thing’s coming to be itself and its existing experience. The law of Heaven and Earth is just becoming and existing. The existing law of Heaven, nature and everything is their each continuity of their existing. Because of the Sincerity, thing obtains its being, and never stagnate and stop. So the way of the most complete Sincerity is both the law of generating and the law of movement. To pursue the nature of human what he is, must depend on the method how we devote to and hold on Sincerity.

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