晉平公病案指的是發生於西元前541年秋天，見於《左傳．昭公元年》與《國語．晉語八》，涉及晉平公疾病死生的事例。本文旨在分析這椿事件與晚周國際關係、政治文化間的關係，藉以說明政治這項因素在中國古代醫療相關論述形成過程中所扮演的角色。研究結果顯示，晉平公病案並非出於王官醫人之手，它之所以見錄於《左傳》、《國語》，也不在於它們所描述的疾病、診視與醫療的過程。相反的，是事件的參與者關乎封建倫理、國政興衰的對話內容和論議技巧吸引了史家的目光。子產和醫和的論議固然反映了他們對王官政治傳統的認識，對封建倫理的重視，以及對當代國際形勢的敏銳觀察，同時也展現了他們作為小國執政和執技之人對論議或對話對象背景的掌握，以及在面對權勢之家時的高度辭令藝術。這則病案之所以值得吾人注意，不僅在於其中難得一見的醫療相關內容，更重要的是，它提示了我們，在中國古代醫療的相關論述中，政治這項因素無所不在，它不但是文獻內容不可分割的一個部分，也是決定哪些內容受到記錄、輯存的重要原因。

This article is a case study of disease affected by Duke of Chin in 541 BC.
This case was recorded in form of dialogues between historical figures in
Tsuo-chuan and Kuo-yu. Neither Tsuo-chuan nor Kuo-yu wrote many narratives
related to illnesses, death or medical treatment of ruling class. Therefore, this article tries to answer the following question: why was the event of disease affected by Duke of Chin recorded both by Tsuo-chuan and Kuo-yu. Besides, the author also tries to explore the historical meanings of this case in two ways: one way is to put it into its political context and find why did those dialogues occurred, and the other way is to explain the implications of those dialogues in term of their contemporary intellectual atmosphere. This article reaches two conclusions: firstly, though it appeared that those dialogues were medical oriented, they were, in fact, political statements, strategic gestures between different historical figures who had different political stands, intentions and
expectations. And secondly, the reasons why this case had been recorded are: it not only manifests complicated and efficient maneuver of the technique of negotiation, demonstrates the profound knowledge of history of those whoinvolved in this case, but also shows their willingness to the traditional values. In sum, those materials should not be simply treated as medical literature, but should be taken for their political implications as a whole.