本研究主要目的在編製科學探究能力測，以評測學生的科學探究能力。本研究以高雄市國小六年級學生二七八人為研究參與對象。全測驗共分為六個分測驗，分別為觀察能力、分析能力、轉化能力、推論思考、批判思考能力和創造思考能力分測驗，其Cronbach’α信度依序是64, .80, .65, .59, .61, .29。學生在本測驗得分和自然科學業成績的相關為.68，高能力組和一般能力學生在本測驗平均得分有顯著差異。以驗證性因素分析檢驗本測驗的因素結構，結果發理論模式和觀察資料適配度良好，其中創造思考能力分測驗的信度偏低，仍有值得改進的空間。

The purpose of this study was to develop a “Scientific Inquiry Ability Test (SIAT)” that measure students’ scientific inquiry ability. The participants included 278 sixth grade students from Kaohsiung city. Six scales were developed: observation ability, analysis ability, inferring thinking ability, critical thinking ability, and creative thinking ability. For each scale, the Cronbach’s alpha were 64, .80, .65, .59, .61, .29. There were significant correlation (p＜.001) of the SIAT with students’ GPA of Nature Subject (r=.68). Average and extraordinary scientific inquiry ability group showed a significant differences (p＜.001) on their SIAT scores. The examine the factor structure by utilizing confirmatory factor analysis, the scientific inquiry ability theoretical model and collected data had reached a good fit. The scale of creative thinking ability needs bo be modified further in order to improve the reliability.