馬克思「意識型態批判J的主里論/哲學基礎何在，是近代西方思想丈上的一大公棠，而最近又在《台社》引爆了一場激烈的馬學論戰。本文的目的在#令提供另外一種可能的解讀方式。馬克思批判了十九世紀的各股意識型態(如自由主義和所有非鳥的社會主義思想)，卻忘了批判他自己的意識型態;至於他是女回何從一系列問題重重的假設出發，從而建構出他的意識型態理論和批判，即是本文嘗試釐清的課題。

The present essay reconsiders aspects of Karl Marx's“critique of ideol· ogy" in relation to his ideal of communist freedom. Through a critical exami· nation of the German Ideologyas well as the later theory of commodity fetish· ism， the author shows how a teleology of communist freedom was in vital ways constitutive of Marx's materialist theory of history and ideology. Ifthe whole historical·materialist theorization of ideology had been inadequately formulat司 ed in the first place， the status of the “critiqueof ideology" was thereby put in jeopardy. Itwas a failure to scrutinize his own “ideologyof freedom" which largely accounts for the deficiencies in Marx's theory and critique of ideology.