在經濟發展領域中，新古典學派與結構學派，對於米亞新興工業化國家在成長過程中產業政策的角色與作用，有相反的意見，本文則是針對這爭議，手咀用台灣石化業的個案，來檢驗以上的理論。本文就台灣石化業早期發展的歷史f投比較細節的探討，所得到的結采主妥如下:1)若無干預這產業當時無法在台灣產生;2)產業政策的干預乏有效的; 3)不過產業政策的各種作用中，示範效采最為關 鍵，為帶動私部門投資的充分條件;4)新古典模型在此個案中無法成立。示範效 果的重妥性誰與制度性因素有闕，但肯定了傳統，經濟發展理論中重視非邊際變化的看法。

This paper is concerned with the debate about the role of industrial policy in promoting growth in the East Asian NICs， and its findings contradict the neoclassical views that industrial policy has not contributed much to the East Asian growth. Using the case of Taiwan's petrochemical industry as an exam· pie， this paper evaluates the role of industrial policy in the earliest stage of the industry's development. The main findings are the followings: 1)the industry would not have emerged at that time without intervention; 2) the intervention had been effective; 3) the demonstration effect was the crucial one in fostering private investment; 4) the neoclassical model cannot be applied in this case. The importance of demonstration effect， though related to the institutional setting in Taiwan at that time， does reconfirm the traditional perception of development as nonmarginal change.