本文之目的是藉由研究臺灣原住民Y染色體七個微衛星基因座的遺傳變異，來瞭解臺灣原住民族群之演化與血緣親疏關係。樣本包含阿美、泰雅（含太魯閣族）、布農、排灣、卑南、魯凱、賽夏、撒奇萊雅以及鄒等九個族群共242名無近親關係之男性，在這些原住民的七個基因座中總共有29個不同的等位基因，並組成85種不同的單倍型，而且單倍型H17很可能是南島民族的古老單倍型。我們的研究結果有以下的發現：阿美與布農各有其遺傳特殊性，顯示他們有可能很早就從臺灣原住民族群中分化出來，或者是他們和其他族群有不同的起源，可能不是和其他族群在同一時期來到臺灣。泰雅過去是較孤立的族群，但在內部已有分化的現象；鄒族也可能曾是孤立的族群或是經歷過男性人口大量減少。排灣、卑南、魯凱三族彼此間共享不少單倍型，代表他們血緣關係較近或者較常通婚，證據顯示他們過去有頻繁的互動。賽夏的血緣關係較不明，有可能受漢人的影響。撒奇萊雅與阿美有親近的遺傳關係，這應是他們長期混居的結果。

The aim of this research is to study the evolution and affinities of Taiwan aboriginal populations using the genetic variation of 7 microsatellite loci on the Y chromosome. We found 29 alleles and 85 haplotypes of these loci in 242 unrelated males from 9 aboriginal populations, and the haplotype H17 might be an ancient haplotype of Austronesians. Our results show that Amis and Bunun might have diverged from other Taiwan aboriginal populations at a very early stage or they may have migrated to Taiwan at different times. Atayal and Tsou might be isolated populations, and Tsou seem to have undergone a population bottleneck. Paiwan, Rukai Puyuma share a close relationship, and this might indicate there were gene flows among them. The relationship between Saisiat and the other populations is not clear, but they might have undergone gene flow from Han Chinese. Sakizaya share the closest genetic relationship with Amis.