本研究旨在探討國民小學家長參與學校教育與學校效能間的關係，並分析不同背景家長參與學校教育角色上的差異。本研究採用問卷調查與訪談等研究方法。問卷調查抽取臺灣省、臺北市、高雄市公立國小111所，私立小學10所，其中教師樣本756人，家長樣本3024人，並選取教師、家長、校長及學者各3人為訪談對象。根據研究結果的分析與討論，本研究獲得以下結論：一、正向的家長參與學校教育可提升學校效能二、家長參與以訊息接受者層面最多，政策決定者層面的參與最低三、母親、子女數少、居住都市地區及學歷、社經地位愈高的家長，對家長參與的態度及實踐均比較積極四、家長參與的觀念雖已普遍，但實際參與的情形仍有待加強五、時間是影響家長參與最主要的原因六、資深、年長的教師對學校效能的知覺愈佳七、家長參與學校教育與學校效能多數層面間有正相關八、研擬適當的策略，可促進家長參與學校教育的意願

This study aims to explore the relations between school effectiveness and parental involvement in elementary schooling. The roles played in parental involvement in school education are also included in the analysis of this study.This study adopts research methodologies of questionnaire survey and interview. The survey subjects mainly include 111 public schools and 10 private schools, from which 756 teachers and 304 parents are sampled. Furthermore, 3 persons are selected respectively from the groups of teachers, parents, and school principals as interview subjects.According to the analysis and discussion of the study results, the conclusions are as follows:1. Positive parental participation in schooling helps elevate school effectiveness.2. Information-receivers constitute the largest percentage in parental participation; whereas policy-makers the smallest.3. Despite the wildly-spread concept of parental participation, there is still room for improvement in the actual participation.4. Parents with higher social and economic status take a more active attitude and approach towards parental participation.5. Time is the key factor in parental participation.6. Senior teachers have better awareness of school effectiveness.7. Positive correlation exists between parental involvement in schooling and school effectiveness.8. Properly-formulated strategies help increase the willingness of parental participation in schooling.