Photothermal methods are currently being employed in a variety of research areas, ranging from materials science to environmental monitoring. Photothermal imaging is non-invasive, painless and ionizing radiation-free. The techniques and instruments of photothermal phenomenon for dental diagnostics has been developed to enable early detection of lesions which cannot be observed by visual inspection. The use of lasers for this purpose is considered to be promising, mainly through the phenomenon of laser-induced fluorescence of the enamel. In this paper, a high-resolution caries detection of human teeth using photothermal imaging is introduced. In addition to its high accuracy, this technique is suitable for clinical application in caries detection as well as for continuous monitoring during its removal because it enables the physician to easily get a real image. Both in vitro and in vivo tests for the proposed system have been conducted and shown promising results.