背　景 糖尿病及其併發症已對病人的健康、生活品質以及壽命造成明顯的危害，而目標設定（goal setting）流程則可強化病人的自我管理行為來對血糖進行控制，避免病情進一步惡化。
目　的 本研究目的為比較使用目標設定流程介入後，實驗組與控制組於健康行為和糖化血色素（glycated hemoglobin, HbA1C）表現上是否不同，以提供目標設定法用於第二型糖尿病管理的實證結果。
方　法 本研究採實驗法，以立意取樣選出南部某區域教學醫院2007年5月到2007年9月間門診之40歲以上且HbA1C大於8.0%的第二型糖尿病病人進行隨機分配。實驗組接受目標介入程序，控制組則為糖尿病一般例行性處置，在進行為期三個月介入後，共取得有效實驗組27人，控制組25人。使用標準化問卷收集前後測病人的相關特質與健康行為執行得分以及檢測儀器獲得HbA1C進行分析。
結　果 結果顯示實驗組後測健康行為平均得分為4.5分，顯著高於控制組之4.1分（p < .01），其中，最明顯的差異在「醫囑遵從」行為。而實驗組的HbA1C（8.1 %）亦顯著低於控制組（9.8%）（p < .001），且以8.5%為目標切點時，實驗組有63%達到目標，但對照組達到者僅有28.0%。
結　論 本研究結果顯示目標設定介入程序對於第二型糖尿病病人之健康行為與HbA1C有顯著的改善成效。因此，臨床人員或可採用目標設定法激勵糖尿病人自我管理之健康行為及協助血糖的控制。

Background: Diabetes and its complications impact significantly and negatively upon patient health, quality of life, and longevity. The goal-setting process may help enhance patient self-management behaviors in order to control blood glucose and prevent further deterioration.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in performing health behaviors and HbA1C between experimental and control group in order to provide empirical evidence for promoting the use of goal-setting approaches to type 2 diabetes patients.
Methods: The study used an experimental design with purposive sampling. Subject participation criteria included: (1) diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, (2) over 40 years of age, (3) HbA1C over 8.0%. Subjects were recruited from a metabolism clinic at a regional teaching hospital in southern Taiwan between May and September 2007. One hundred samples were assigned randomly to either the goal setting intervention or normal care group, with 3-month follow-up. Data was collected using a standard questionnaire that collected demographic characteristics, health behavior information and instrument-measured HbA1C. Complete sets of data were collected from 27 subjects in the experimental group and 25 in the control group.
Results: Results found that the experimental group realized significantly greater improvements over the control group in terms of performing health behaviors and HbAlC after an intervention of three months. Average health behavior scores were 4.5 and 4.1, respectively, for experimental and control group subjects. The experimental group showed the most significant improvement in “adherence behaviors” relative to control subjects, while HbA1C in the experimental group (8.1%) was also significantly lower than in the control group (9.8%). In terms of subjects achieving an HbA1C below the desired ceiling of 8.5%, 63% in the experimental group achieved this goal, while only 28.0% in the control group achieved.
Conclusions: Results showed that the goal setting process can improve the health behavior of type 2 diabetes patients and HbA1C levels. Therefore, clinicians may consider using this approach to motive patient self-management behaviors and help control blood glucose.