當代集體行動研究主要有三大途徑，「政治過程理論」探討運動所面對的政治機會和限制，「資源動員理論」強調正式、非正式組織形式在動員過程的重要，「新社會運動理論」則重視行動者的理念與文化因素對於行動者的形塑過程。農民運動在台灣社會運動史上一直佔有一席之地，從農民運動背後的時空背景，我們也多少能看出台灣社會轉型與民主化過程的變遷軌跡。二○○二年十一月廿三日，超過12 萬名憤怒、來自台灣各地的農漁民走上台北街頭，抗議政府企圖消滅農漁會，這場台灣史上最大的農民抗爭使陳水扁總統面對二○○○年執政以來最大的危機，而農業金融改革的政策大轉彎也再次傷害民進黨政府的信用。本文將嘗試利用社會運動理論探討這次農民抗爭背後的政治機會結構，以及農漁會與「全國農漁會自救會」所扮演的角色。在此次農業金融改革中，我們看到的是一個權力基礎尚未穩固的新政權，面對不同反對勢力結合、共同挑戰時的退縮，而「一一二三與農共生」運動的事過境遷，也代表重新檢討農村福利體系機會的再次喪失。

There are three approaches in contemporary study of collective action, “political process theory” emphasizes opportunities and limits of movement process, “resource mobilization theory” emphasizes the role of formal and informal forms of organization playing in mobilizing process, “new social movement theory” emphasizes how the actor’s ideas and cultural factors shape his action.The peasant movement has always played an important role in the history of social movements in Taiwan. We could also get the trajectory of social transformation and democratization from the context of the peasant movement. Over 120,000 angry farmers and fishermen from across Taiwan marched through Taipei on Nov. 23, 2002 to protest what they believed to be a government’s all-out attempt to wipe out the farmers’ and fishermen’s associations. The largest peasant protest ever seen in Taiwan made the President Chen Shui-bian facing the acutest crisis since being elected in 2000, and the U-turn on the policy of agricultural financial reforms also harmed the credibility of the Democratic Progressive Party government again. This article tries to use theories of social movement to discuss the structure of political opportunities behind this peasant protest, and the role which farmers’ and fishermen’s associations, and “Taiwan Agro-Fighters United play”. From this agricultural financial reform, we saw a new polity that hadn’t have a stable foundation of power regressing, when faced with different opposition powers cooperating and challenging. The passing over of “Coexist with the Peasant on Nov.