中國大陸的市場改革已由過去的計劃經濟，逐步地邁向市場經濟，也相對地帶動了公營事業之改革。本文旨在運用深度訪談和相關的文獻探求，藉著分析十八間中國大陸的公營事業個案，來探索轉型國家中所有權、競爭、管理和勞工的相關議題及其可能的問題。首先，是針對公營事業設立之目的和原由，以做為公營事業在轉型中國家的角色及其架構；再者，則是著重在本文所欲深入探求的主題，以做為改善事業績效的機制：所有權、競爭和管制；最後，則是針對轉型中國家的公營事業在朝向市場化時所無法避免的議題：勞工的問題，並提出一些省思。根據本文文獻分析的結果，本文認為競爭、所有權和勞工所形成的架構，正引領著中國大陸公營事業的革新，如同過去大環境的市場改革，從過去的計劃經濟，逐步地邁向市場經濟。從本文的分析發現，公營事業之成功改革，主要係在所有權之更變受到了限制，再加上一些配套措施和制度，使得新的市場環境能漸進地浮現和波動。再者，根據本文分析，吾人發現勞工議題和利益，在公營事業改革中，由於缺乏健全的社會安全機制，所以有必要針對勞工的議題，再進行更為深入地探究和思量。

China's transition from a planned to a market economy achieved remarkable success through a gradual approach. Such transition was accompanied by thetransformation of public enterprises. This paper conducts a literature review in relation to the three main arguments discussed above and sets up a theoreticalperspective for the analysis in transition. The methods of this paper are embodied in a triangulation strategy, including a structured questionnaire, in-depthsemi-structured interviews, literature research, and analysis of government documents and other relevant data sources. The rest of this paper is arranged asfollows. It first reviews the reasons and objectives for the establishment of public enterprises, which is aimed to constitute a part of the basic framework ofunderstanding why PEs were established and where the possible sources of PE problems lie. Secondly, the main theme is developed by examining the debates concerning the mechanisms for the improvement of public enterprise performance. These include three aspects: ownership, competition and management reform. Finally, it reviews labour issues associated with the transformation of public enterprises in transition.Drawing on the literature review of public enterprises transition, this study found that a broad concept of competition, ownership, management and labour(COML) framework could be essential in guiding a smooth transformation of public enterprises as well as economic transition from plan to market. In this study, the transformation of public enterprises has been more likely to be successful when achieved through a gradual approach, as ownership change has constraints, and preconditions such as supporting institutions, which takes time to establish and function in an emerging new market environment. Moreover, labour interacts with the transformation of public enterprises, especially in the situation where there is a lack of a well-established social security, the consequences for labour from the transformation of public enterprises can be considerable.