從1943年設站至今，玉山氣象站已運作了六十年。由於玉山站設於海拔近四公里的高度，因此亦建立了一個副熱帶高海拔的長期地面觀測資料。在地面測站所觀測的變數中，同等於大氣質量的氣壓場具有許多自然界的時序變化，包括了全年（季節）、半年、季內、全日及半日等時間尺度。過去研究曾發現，氣壓的季節變化在青藏高原與在平地呈現反相的關係。有鑒於這個未解的現象及玉山測站的獨特環境，美國愛荷華州立大學(Iowa State University)與國立中央大學聯合組成一個科學團隊，廣泛地分析了臺灣測站的氣壓資料，並針對氣壓的多重時間尺度變化發表了一系列的成果。為了向臺灣氣象學界介紹這些科學發現，本文便將他們的研究整理成一個精簡而系統性的回顧。對流層的下層對於地表加熱與冷卻的反應快於上層，而玉山站的高度已到達中對流層，玉山的全年氣壓變化因此與平地測站相位相反。類似的相位差異亦反映在氣壓的日變化（全日潮）上：平地的氣壓日變化領先玉山近12小時。在半年週期上，玉山與平地相位一致，前者的振幅比後者大。在半日週期上，玉山與平地相位亦相同，但前者振幅只有後者的一半。至於季內變化，二個主要季內模（30－60天及12－24天模）在山頂與平地的變化一致，因為季內模的結構皆向上均勻延伸至300 hPa層，遠高於玉山高度。這些不同時間尺度之氣壓變化的結構差異不但反映出大氣層的複雜結構，同時也提供數值模擬研究一個理想的驗證途徑。

The Yu-Shan meteorological station was established in 1943. Because this station is located at an elevation close to four kilometers above sea level, long-term observations of surface meteorological variables at high-altitude are available. Surface pressure observed at this station is characterized by variations with several basic temporal scales, including annual, semiannual, intraseasonal, diurnal, and semidiurnal. In comprising annual variations of surface pressure around the Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding low plains, an out-of-phase relationship between high and low elevations was observed by previous studies. Attracted by this unexplained phase relationship of surface pressure and the unique geographic environment of the Yu-Shan station, a joint science team was formed by Iowa State University and National Central University to perform comprehensive analyses of station surface pressure in Taiwan. A series of papers was published to present their findings in surface pressure variations with different time scales. In order to make the meteorological community in Taiwan acquainted with these findings, a concise and systematic review of their work in this topic is presented in this paper.The elevation of the Yu-Shan station reaches the mid-troposphere. The lower troposphere responds to the surface heating/cooling faster than the upper troposphere. This surface pressure at Yu-Shan exhibits an annual variation out-of-phase with the low plains. Similar phase disparity can be found in the diurnal variation of surface pressure: the low plains lead Yu-Shan almost 12 hours. Semidiurnal variation of surface pressure exhibits a coherent phase between Yu-Shan and low plains, except the former amplitude is only half of the latter. Intraseasonal (30-60 day and 12-24 day) variations of surface pressure appear to be vertically uniform in phase and amplitude up to 300 hPa, higher than Yu-Shan. Differences in phase and amplitude of surface pressure between the high and low altitude not only reflect the complicated structure of the atmosphere, but also provide an excellent means to validate simulations of regional/global climate models.