本文旨在建立「科舉文明」這一理念型概念，以做為解釋反對教改諸種議題相關的社會結構基礎。透過科舉制度的傳統，教育與社會地位／階級／關係／家庭主義的教條之關係被緊密相連起來。雖然臺灣社會正在變遷當中，但是教改所威脅到的科舉考試傳統仍被視為是反抗教改之社會解釋的基礎。本研究發現，升學主義並不是迷信，而是科舉文明豐富內涵之中的一項行動機制，而升學考試制度則是國家與人民在政治經濟學上精算的結果。

In this article the grounds for a social explanation of the resistance to the Taiwan educational reforms (ERs) have been laid, which should be the Civil Service Examination Civilization (CSEC). It will be seen that education is intimately related to status, class, guanxi and the doctrine of familism, especially through the civil service exam tradition (CSE). Although Taiwanese society is changing, it remains to be seen as to whether the kind of threat posed to the CSE by the ERs provides the basis for a social explanation of the resistance to the ER. Educational Fanaticism is not a suspicion, but one action mechanism revealed from the CSEC.