儘管字眼不同，社區意識、社區依附感與社區心理感是東西方學者共同關注的社區議題。本研究係以全台394位台灣本島居民之電訪資料，透過以系統模式觀點為理論基礎，運用結構方程模式分析個人之年齡、社區內的居住時間、親屬網絡關係、鄰里互動關係、鄰里吸引力與社區意識的因果關係。研究發現，在台灣社會，居民間的親屬網絡關係、鄰里互動之品質、鄰里吸引力對於提升個人之社區意識均有正向的直接影響效果，但以前二項之影響力最重要。異於傳統系統模式觀點，社區內的居住時間長短並未如預期對個人的社區意識具有正向之直接影響效果；但透過居民間的親屬網絡關係與鄰里互動品質，個人在社區內的居住時間對其社區意識卻有正向的間接影響效果。

This study reviews the literature on community attachment and sense of community to construct the theoretical framework inspired by the systemic model. The theoretical framework hypothesizes the causal relationships among age, length of residence, primary social network, interaction among
neighbors, attraction to neighborhood, and sense of community. Using telephone interview data gathered from 394 residents of Taiwan, researchers rely on structural equation modeling to examine the theoretical framework. The analytical results indicate that in Taiwan, social ties (measured by primary social network and neighboring) are more important than other predictors in explaining sense of community. Social ties directly affect sense of community. Meanwhile, length of residence is directly and indirectly associated with personal sense of community, but the association differs from that suggested by the traditional systemic model. That is, the direct effect of length of residence on sense of community is negative, while its indirect effect is positive.