公營事業具有公共性和企業性的雙重特質。即使民營化後，在強調企業性發揮的情況下，因事業本身依然保有公共性的特質，在檢視民營化政策的成果時，若僅從企業性的角度來評量，或許有失公允。有鑑於此，本文首先從理論和實務來釐清日本民營化的概念，介紹民營化政策施行前有關公共性的爭議，並嘗試整理出公共性和企業性的構成要素，以作為本稿檢証的指標。其次，以日本國鐵和電信公社的民營化為例，從公共性和企業性的觀點來檢証民營化的成果。最後，藉由實証研究所獲得之結果，進一步推論民營化、組織改革、業者活動間的相互關係'並提出在企業性發揮的前提下，公共性的確保方式。

There are both public and private characters for the national enterprises. Even if the national enterprise has been privatized， under the condition of emphasizing the development of the enterprise， it may be inadequate if we just evaluate it by standing in the shoe of the enterprise when we are examining the results of the privatization policy. In view of this， firstly， we try to figure out the constitution elements of the public characteristics and the private characteristics of the privatization in Japan in this article by sorting the basic concepts of the privatization in Japan from the theoretical and the practical points of views in order to take the sorted basic concepts as the index in our examination. Secondly， we introduce the arguments related to the public affairs before the privatization is carried out. Then， by taking the privatization of the national railway enterprise and the public telecommunication enterprise in Japan as an example， we examine the results of its privatization from the viewpoints of the public and the enterprise. Further more， we conclude the interaction relationships among the activities of the privatization， organization transformation and the enterprise itself through the results that we have discussed and confirmed in this study.