蛋白質的立體結構是了解其功能及活性的重要依據，在各國的基因體計畫中扮演重要的角色。在解決蛋白質結構的數種技術之中，使同步輻射X光源的蛋白質結晶學則是最被廣泛使用且不可或缺的。本文介紹蛋白質結晶學在最近幾年的發展，包含使用硫原子解決相位角問題，使用無細胞技術表現蛋白質，以及使用脂質立方體培養蛋白質結晶。最後舉兩個最近解出之膜蛋白結構，分享其使用的技術。

Protein structures play important roles in understanding their functions and activities. Structural research is a corner stone in every genomic project worldwide. Among all the techniques used to solve protein structures, protein X-ray crystallography is the most widely used and indispensable. And synchrotron raidation is an essential tool for protein X-ray crystallography. In this article, latest techinques will be introduced, including using sulfur-SAD for phase problem, expressing proteins with cell-free system and crystalizing membrane protein with lipidic cubic phase. Two examples of recently solved membrane proteins will show the progress of protein crystallography in last few years.