本研究目的在瞭解不同透析病患之生活品質及其相關因素。爲橫斷式兼描述相關性的研究，對象爲北部一所醫學中心之血液透析及腹膜透析個案共160位，由研究者以「台灣版世界衛生組織生活品質量表」及「身體症狀困擾量表」親自收集資料，將所得之資料以描述性統計、t檢定、卡方檢定、皮爾森相關等統計方法進行分析。研究結果如下：一、血液透析與腹膜透析病患之生活品質及身體症狀困擾得分無顯著性差異(P>0.05)，兩組之身體症狀困擾發生率最高皆爲「疲倦」項目。二、身體症狀困擾與生活品質相關性，顯示身體症狀困擾程度愈大，生活品質愈差。三、腹膜透析組家庭收入較血液透析組佳；血液透析組使用目前的腎臓替代療法較腹膜透析組久；腹膜透析組使用過其他種類之腎臓替代療法較血液透析組多，以上結果皆P<0.05。研究結果協助護理人員提供病患不同需求之個別護理依據，並作爲末期腎衰竭病患選擇醫療照護決策之參攷。

The purpose of this study was to compare the life quality and its correlators on patients who received different dialysis therapies. This is a cross-sectional descriptive and correlational research. Eighty patients from each hemodialysis renal replacement therapy and continuous-ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) from a medical center were recruited. The study instruments used in the study were “WHO QOL-BREF” and “Physical Symptom Distress Scale.” Statistical methods of means, percentage, chi-square and Pearson’s correlation were used to analyze the research data. The significant major findings of this study were as follows: 1.The quality of life score for hemodialysis and CAPD patients provided no significant differences. 2.Physical symptom distress was negatively correlated with quality of life, which means the more distress patients feel the worse quality of life they experienced. 3.There were statistically significant differences between variables such as family income, duration of using the current renal treatment, previous methods of replacement therapy, and types of dialysis therapy (P<.05). The results of this study provide useful references while making suggestion for nursing education, practice and nursing administration.