小兒愛滋的垂直感染案例在台灣有增加的趨勢，本文以文獻查證方式，蒐集國內外相關資料，針對愛滋病童的生理及心理層面做深入探討，發現隨著病童年齡的增長，護理人員應協助病童面對疼痛及營養等問題，而在得知診斷與面對親人死亡方面，我們更應評估病童的認知程度，並協助其面對問題，適時的減少其負向的心理反應。另外，以病童爲出發點，主要照護者與其家人的照護往往是大家所忽略的，我們應深入了解其所面對的壓力與問題，並提供相關資源，協助其能更適應日後的生活、面對接踵而至的問題。而在學校教育方面，護理人員更應利用自己的專業能力，透過適當的安排與照護，讓病童在學校生活中，在生理及心理方面皆能安心的享受其受教育的權利。

The rate of maternal-infant transmission in children with HIV has increased in Taiwan. The purpose of this literature review was to collect data nationally and internationally in order to understand the physical and psychological aspects of a child infected with HIV at birth from maternal transmission. The results of the review showed that as the child’s age increases, a sick child needs help to deal with pain and malnutrition problems. Moreover, when the child knows the diagnosis and faces the death of relatives, the cognitive level of the child needs to be assessed in order to assist in reducing problems related to negative psychological responses. In addition, understanding the sources of stress and the problems for the child, the primary caregiver, and the family is necessary to provide information about resources that can assist them in coping with the difficulties associated with living with AIDS and with family members with AIDS. In the school setting, nursing professionals must help the child with AIDS feel physically and psychologically safe during school activities and receive education through appropriate arrangements and care.