生酮飲食不是新被研發出來的癲癇治療方法。但是，由於近代研究中發現：持續接受精確的生酮飲食治療，確寶能在服用多種抗癲癇劑或手術治療後，得不到療效的病患身上，看到好的治療反應。生酮飲食是由高脂肪、低蛋白、低醣組成，可以使人體產生有如在飢餓狀態下的生化變化，造成酮血症(ketosis)，有助於改善癲癇發作。至於，酮血症與癲癇發作兩者問的相關性為何？有待進一步探討。病患無法「持續」接受「精確」的生酮飲食治療原因，有些是來自無法忍受副作用，有些是病人或家屬認為生酮飲食對癲癇不夠有效，以食物準備既費時又困難、飲食受限、口味差為由，拒絕食用。生酮飲食治療需要靠團隊合作。團隊成員包括心理醫師、社工、營養師、醫師、護理師、病人與家屬。護理是病人與家屬，生、心、靈健康需求的代言者與供應者，因此有必要瞭解生酮飲食相關知識，以作為提供臨床服務與相關研究的後盾。

Although the ketogenic diet is not a new therapy for treating epilepsy, but researchers recently found that using ketogenic diet on epileptic refractory patients with multiple anticonvulsant therapy or on post-surgery patients has positive responses. These researchers also found that a persistent and accurate ketogenic therapeutic diet markedly improves control of epilepsy. The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-protein and low-carbohydrate diet and induces biochemical changes similar to starvation, resulting in ketosis. Although ketosis is known to improve and control epilepsy, its precise effect on seizure activity remains unclear. Further investigation is needed to explore this relationship. Failure to maintain an accurate ketogenic diet is associated with adverse effects. understanding of the ketogenic diet therapy, difficulty in preparation, and or unpalatability of the diet, Therefore, to institute ketogenic diet therapy an interdisciplinary team that includes psychologists, social workers, dietitians, neurologists, clinic nurses, patients and their family is needed. Because nurses play a key role as decision-makers and providers in supporting patient and family's physiological, psychological, and spiritual needs, they need to understand ketogenic diet therapy to improve future patient care and research.