1987年1月23日法國的憲法委員會做出判決表示，依據共和國法律所承認的基本原則，撤銷訴訟或高權行為之變更，係屬於行政裁判管轄之範疇。但在考量裁判妥善運作之合目的性的考量下，這個原則本身應該讓步。例如，競爭法顯然處於一個二元裁判秩序均可干涉的領域，因此，應容許立法者將訴訟整體裁判權，交由利害首要相關之裁判秩序。只要受裁判者之基本權可以獲得保障，可以享有在行政裁判秩序中所具有的防禦權之本質的保障即可。此一判決，除了彰顯了法國式的權力分立概念與其他國家不同之外，法國的憲法委員會強調的是，「行政裁判」與「司法裁判」除了管轄權分屬不同機關之外，各別的裁判程序本身所具備之程序內涵，尤其是對於受裁判者本應享有之充分的防禦權，不應因為立法者將之劃歸改由他種裁判管轄後而有所異同。本文除了介紹始於法國大革命時期之制憲會議中所提出的「行政裁判與司法裁判分離」，以限制司法法官的權限之外，並以訴願制度的法制史沿革，以及獨立行政機關的管轄歸屬為討論的軸心，介紹法國關於司法裁判、行政裁判以及純粹行政的不同之處。

According to the fundamental principles accepted by the laws of the Republic, the Constitutional Council of France, on January 23 of 1987, made a significant decision indicated that the “recours en annulation” or the change of “actes de puissance publique” shall fall within the jurisdiction of administrative review. However, this argument shall defer to the consideration of a sound and reasonable function of the review system. For example, it is apparently that cases related to competition law may belong to either judicial or administrative review. It is acceptable for Congress to prescribe what the whole jurisdiction shall be, especially give a mandate to the jurisdiction which concerns the center of all interests for reviewing those cases. What is essential is the protection of fundamental rights of the people during the review proceeding. The salient features of this decision are the concepts about seperation of power in France differ from those in other countries. Moreover, although the power of administrative review and the power of judicial review are mandated to different organizations, the Constitutional Council emphasized that the defensive rights of the people in proceeding shall not be undermined even Congress alters the jurisdiction. From a comparative perspective, this article articulated the complicated history with regard to the separation of administrative review and judicial review during the period of French Revolution. It also clarified why the power of judicial judges were restricted in France. After tracing the history of “Recours administratif” back to its origin and transformation, I discussed the jurisdiction of cases concerning to the decisions made by independent regulatory agencies. Finally, I explained the differences among judicial review, administrative review and administrative activity in essence.