根據勞工安全衛生研究所於民國八十七年、九十年及九十三年針對各行業受僱者進行工作環境安全衛生狀況調查結果顯示，上肢因工作罹患肌肉骨骼傷害(musculoskeletal disorders, MSDs)之情形，普遍存在於國內職場中。文獻指出由工作引起之上肢MSDs其主要危害因子包含不當的工作姿勢、過大的施力、重複性以及長時間的暴露，因此可藉由評估作業中是否具備這些危害因子及危害風險之程度，得知作業方式是否需要改善以及改善重點，以防治國內勞工罹患上肢MSDs。

本研究引進兩種國外發展用於評估作業中上肢MSDs危害風險之人因工程分析工具Occupational Repetitive Actions(OCRA) Index及Hand Activity Level Threshold Limit Value(HALTLV)，運用此兩種分析工具評估國內勞工職業性肌肉骨骼傷病作業，並根據評估結果，從中找出適用性較佳者，期能提供作業現場安全衛生管理人員參考使用。研究結果顯示，大部分有職業傷病案例之作業經HALTLV及OCRA Index評估後，其HALTLV Ratio大於0.78，在TLV之上，且OCRA Index亦大於4，上肢MSDs危害風險等級為紅色，即兩種分析工具皆具有參考價值。OCRA Index與估算之上肢職業傷病比例相關性較佳，然而HALTLV使用上較簡便，因此建議作業現場安全衛生管理人員使用HALTLV，對於職業傷病暴露評估則建議使用OCRA Index。

Working-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of upper extremities have revealed high prevalence in various industries of Taiwan from 1998, 2001 and 2004 nationwide investigation. The major risk factors of work-related MSDs of upper extremities include inappropriate postures, excessive manual forces, repetitive manual motions, and the duration of exposures. For preventing the MSDs from the workers, the study introduced and evaluated two ergonomic analysis tools: Occupational Repetitive Actions index (OCRA index) and Hand Active Level Threshold Limit Value (HALTLV). Jobs with high risk of work-related MSDs of upper extremities were applied for understanding the difference of evaluating process between these tools. The incidence rates of jobs were further compared for evaluating the suitability of these tools . The results showed that most of the exposures of these jobs were greater than the TLV of HALTLV, and the OCRA index were greater than 4, indicated most of the jobs studied were risky for the upper extremity MSDs. The results also showed that the HALTLV and the OCRA index were highly correlated. The correlations between incidence rates and the OCRA index were higher than that of HALTLV. However, HALTLV is more friendly and easier for users.

This study recommended that HALTLV is sufficient for evaluating the risk factors for Safety & Health managements in fields. OCRA, nevertheless, is more appropriated for assessing the ofoccupational diseases cases.