本研究旨在分析個人與地區因素對學生學業表現之影響；研究者運用階層線性模式分析915 位臺南縣市公立高中一年級學生資料，探討家庭社經因素對學生的「國民中學學生基本學力測驗 (簡稱基測)」成績的影響，並檢驗地區因素如何影響學生學業表現的地區差異。簡單而言，父親和母親的教育程度與家庭總收入正向地影響學生基測成績，其中以母親的教育程度最具影響力。再者，由國中學校密度、補習班密度、人口密度、人口遷入率，與研究所學歷比例等指標所建構的複合性「地區脈絡特徵」不僅解釋學生基測表現的地區差異，且調節家庭社經因素 (特別是父親的教育程度) 對學生基測表現的影響效果；父親教育對學生基測成績影響會隨著地區脈絡特徵的提高而降低。

The purpose of this research is to examine how individual and local contextual factors are related to students’ academic performance. With a cluster sample of 915 freshmen enrolling in 11 public schools in Tainan City and Tainan County, the author relies on the hierarchical linear modeling to implement the data analyses. The statistical results reveal that both the factors at the individual level, such as the education of parents and family income, and the local contextual characteristic, are
significantly associated with students’ performance on the Basic Competence Test (BCT) for Junior High Students. Most importantly, the local contextual characteristic,which is a composite variable measured by five spatial indicators, does not only explain the different performance on the test of students among areas across the city and the county, but also moderate the association between the fathers’ education and
students’ test score points.