Respiratory tract viral infection in early childhood has a high mortality rate, and the hospitalization costs for treating the condition are often high. In this research, some common viruses and some newly
identified respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, rhinovirus,adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus and coronavirus are briefly reviewed. Numerous respiratory infections with unknown etiology may be caused by unidentified viruses, and the search for unknown viruses is an urgent scientific task.