血癌又稱白血病（Leukemia）。隨著現代醫學的進步，血癌已不是以往觀念上的絕症，血癌患者的五年存活率越來越高，有許多血癌病人經過適當的治療後，病情可以獲得很好的控制甚至痊癒，但是治療過程中產生的併發症與後遺症比其他病症的治療要來得多且複雜。為了提升血癌病人的生活品質，血癌患者的復健日形重要。血癌病人的治療期長，併發症可以很大又很急，產生慢性失能的機會很高，血癌病人往往是多重的失能，並且有更多的共病（co-morbidity），醫療狀況不穩，精神的壓力相對的提高。血癌病人的功能缺損不固定，可因疾病進展而迅速惡化，也可因適當及時的治療而大幅改善。血癌病人是以全身性症狀為表現，其復健活動以運動治療為主。由於有些血癌病人生命有限，狀況變化大，穩定期相對短暫又無法預期，應避免安排長期間的復健療程。一個完整的血液癌症病人復健團隊至少應包括血液科醫師、復健科醫師、復健護士、物理治療師、職能治療師、營養師、精神科醫師、心理治療師、社工人員、個案管理師與照顧家屬的協調合作。血癌病人的復健治療，必須著重利弊的衡量，而不是固定的教條與指導方針。在台灣，全人照顧的觀念在血癌病人的醫療上是方興未艾。雖然復健本身無法針對血癌直接治療，但透過復健的方式能對血癌患者的日常生活提供實質的幫助，盼望血癌患者因此在治療血癌的同時也都能擁有良好的生活品質。（物理治療 2009;34(2):115-118）

Cancer of blood cell is so-called leukemia. As the progress of modern medical care, five-year survival rate of leukemic patients had been much prolonged and even can be cured. However,the complication of pre-, peri-and post antileukemic treatment is much more severe and sophisticated than other cancer treatment. In order to improve the life quality of leukemic patients, the significance of rehabilitation should be emphasized than before. The charateristics of the treatment course of leukemia is long and the complication could occur suddenly, leukemic patients are easy to be chronically deconditioned. They also have more co-morbidity and more unexpected complication. A lon-term rehabilitation program is not suitable for them. As most of the leukemic patients developed systemic complication, therapeutic exercise will play a major role in their rehabilitation plan. An ideal rehabilitation program is to be executed by a team work among hematologist, rehabilitation physician, rehabilitation nurse, physical therapist, occupational therapist, dietitian, psychiatrist , psychologist, social worker, case manager and family caregivers. There is no fixed rule while performing the rehabilitation program, it must be done according to the condition of leukemic patients and be aimed at the patients’ benefit. We hope a well-designed rehabilitation program can help leukemic patients go through a high quality life during antileukemic treatment. (FJPT 2009;34(2):115-118)