With improved diagnosis and treatment of cancer, survivorship is also increasing. Many survivors of cancer are left with musculoskeletal impairments or functional limitations as a result of either direct damage from the disease of cancer or as a result of some of the treatment modalities including surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. This article describes common musculoskeletal impairments associated with cancer, including fatigue, muscle deconditioning, cardiovascular deconditioning, impaired range of motion, lymphedema, lymphatic cording, chemotherapyinduced peripheral neuropathy, and pain. In order to appropriately evaluate the effectiveness of physical therapy in addressing these impairments and functional limitations, functional outcome measurements and quality of life measurements may be most useful. Several such measures are described in the context of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. (FJPT 2009;34(2):95-105)