非手術性的根管再治療和手術性的根管治療並不能解決所有的根管疾病，根管再治療可能受限於牙根釘柱，而手術治療則可能受限於齒槽骨的厚度、鄰近神經及上顎竇等解剖型態的限制，因此，蓄意再植術通常是在無法施行非手術性根管再治療和手術性治療的最後選擇。本文報告兩個接受蓄意再植術之化膿性根尖周圍炎病例，一為具根尖周圍病變且伴隨斷離器械之下顎第二大臼齒；一是具根尖周圍病變之上顎第二大臼齒，經12個月的術後追蹤，根尖病變癒合。文獻資料顯示，根管再治療的成功率遠低於第一次的治療，而且第二大臼齒由於解剖位置受限，難以施行根尖手術，故常需以蓄意再植術治療之，所以臨床上對第二大臼齒施予蓄意再植術需要慎選病例，小心操作，才能達到預期的成功。

Nonsurgical retreatment and surgical endodontics are not always viable solutions to endodontic disease. Access for retreatment may be limited by post. Surgical endodontics may be limited by anatomical features including bone thickness and nerve and sinus proximity. Intentional replantation is considered as a procedure of last resort when nonsurgical or surgical endodontics is contraindicated. Two cases of second molars demonstrate intentional replantation as a procedure to be considered when endodontic retreatment is not possible. Case 1 described a mandibular second molar involving separated instrument with refractory suppurative apical periodontitis; Case 2 presented a maxillary second molar with suppurative apical periodontitis. After 12-month recall, periapical radiographs showed complete healing.