結核病是個古老的疾病，先前被認為是可預防、可治癒的，但缺乏經驗的醫護人員對於此種「偉大的模仿者」，延誤診治仍時有所聞，儘管卡介苗接種及抗結核藥物使用，其抗藥性問題與日俱增，造成全球結核病防疫上的挑戰。勞工由於作業環境中暴露於結核菌，導致出現結核病相關的臨床證據，稱為職業性結核病(occupational tuberculosis)。而職業性肺結核，在醫療照護人員之職業性感染症中，佔有舉足輕重的地位，此等飛沫傳播之生物性危害，對於醫院感染控制更是一大威脅。本文將報告一例罹患職業性肺結核的護理員，並回顧醫療照護人員之職業性結核病相關文獻，以期提供職業病科醫師早期診斷及處置職業性結核病的方法。

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease, which was considered preventable and curable. However, diagnosis or treatment of tuberculosis, known as a 'great imitator,' is sometimes delayed by inexperienced physicians. Despite using of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination and antituberculotics, drug resistance is still a challenge to the global control of tuberculosis. Occupational tuberculosis is a human infectious disease caused by workplace exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis with sufficient tuberculosis-associated clinical evidences. Occupational pulmonary tuberculosis has a dominant role in occupational infection among health care workers. Such biological harm transmitted via the airborne route poses a great threat to hospital infection control. A case of occupational pulmonary tuberculosis in health caring is reported in this article. We also review relevant literature on occupational tuberculosis among health care workers. Hopefully, it provides occupational physicians ways to early diagnose and manage occupational tuberculosis.