明末清初天主教教士們為了宗教任務的達成，間接地促使了東西方文化的交流，對中國文化除了在物質文化方面，增進了許多科技的知識外，對中國的儒家文化亦有著相當程度的影響。本人深以為明末清初所傳進來的天主教思想，是一個不容忽視的環節，因此本文嘗試介紹當時眾多傳教士中的其艾儒略，他是如何與中國明代的相國葉向高談論天主教教義的。本文採用文本的疏理方法進行，藉由對談的紀錄中，窺探他如何理解儒家思想，以及在面對儒、耶思想的衝突中，他又如何對其天主教信仰的堅持。《三山論學紀》中所探討的層面很廣，其中對於儒家哲學所關注：宇宙萬物的變易及人性善惡的兩大議題，書中有詳實的論辯，是該書著墨最豐富的部份，因此，本文就以這些觀點來對艾儒略的思想作一初探，以說明明末以來的天主教傳教士，對中西文化的適應與會通。

Around the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Catholic priests facilitated the cultural interflow between the east and the west on the purpose to fulfill their religious missions. As for their influences on Chinese culture, other than enhancing technological knowledge on the part of the material culture, they also had effect on Chinese Confucian culture to a certain degree. The writer believes that the Catholic thought introduced to China around the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was a crucial link. Therefore, it is our intention here to introduce one particular Jesuit, Giulio Aleni, among others of that time, showing how he discussed the doctrines of Catholicism with Yeh Xiang-guo, the prime minister of China in the Ming Dynasty. Based on the textual records of their dialogues, we inquire about how Giulio Aleni undertood Confucian thought and how he stuck to his Catholic faith in face of the conflicts between Confucianism and Christianity. Among the many issues covered in Sānshān lúnxué jĭ (Discussions on the Doctrine at Sanshan), the two major concerns of Confucian philosophy-the mutibility of the universe and the goodness and evilness of human nature-were aragued exhaustively and most profoundly in the book. Therefore, this paper makes a preliminary inquiry on Giulio Aleni's thought in light of these two perspectives in order to illuminate how the Catholic priests' have adjusted to and comprehended the eastern and the western cultures. ever since the end of the Ming Dynasty.