中国基层治理的一个基本前提是小农生产方式，治理的目标就是如何整合千家万户的小农，以实现良好的社会秩序。基于此，存在组织与合作两条可供选择的道路。通过对荆门市S镇30年来水利变迁的研究，对组织化道路与合作化道路演变过程的探讨可以看到：基层治理中交替出现无法合作与组织成本膨胀的问题，并形成二难困境。以此反观中国基层近百年来的治理逻辑，在资源输入的背景下，可以通过重建村庄的治理模式来突破这个二难困境。

A fundamental premise Chinese grass-roots management must face is smallholder production pattern, in order to maintain a good social sequence, the basic task is how to integrate the governance of the peasant households. There are two ways: organizational and cooperative mathod. Based on the research of the changes of water conservancy in the past 30 years in Jingmen Shen town, this paper discusses how organization mechanism turned to cooperative mechanism, its a dilemma, unable to cooperate and the cost of expansion take place by turn in the grass-roots management. So this paper first reviews the basic logical governance in the past 100 years in China, and comes up that under the background of county resources' input, we should reconstruct the management mode.