背景：高齡人口占總人口比率將由97年10.4%，於106年增加為14.0%，達到聯合國所稱的高齡社會(aged society)。咀嚼吞嚥為進食的第一個步驟，需要有效的口腔運作，以獲得良好的營養攝取。研究目的：本研究之目的在於探討四十五歲以上長期照護機構住民咀嚼吞嚥能力與營養問題及飲食偏差之相關性。材料與方法：本研究為橫斷式研究設計採集束取樣。針對高雄縣市長期照護機構共205家，取得21家長照機構並徵得同意，由訓練之研究調查員進行調查。對四十五歲以上之住民，透過訪談進行口腔檢查、問卷調查及吞水試驗，樣本數共452人。結果：咀嚼吞嚥困難與營養之相關性經性別、年齡調整：MNA分數17-23.5為MNA分數＞23.5調整後咀嚼吞嚥困難勝算比3.84倍，MNA<17分其咀嚼吞嚥困難的粗勝算比為7.29倍。Albumin不正常值其咀嚼吞嚥困難調整後勝算比為正常值3.04倍，有顯著相關：Cholesterol不正常值其咀嚼吞嚥困難調整後勝算比為正常值1.96倍，有顯著相關。

Background: The population of elderly in Taiwan was 10.4% by 2008, and will be increased to 14.0% by 2017 to reach aging society (aged society). Chewing and swallowing is the first step of ingestion, general population and elderly need to have an effective oral operation by chewing and swallowing to get a good nutritional intake.Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between dysphagia and nutritional problems in the long-term care facility residents.Materials and Methods: This study is cross -sectional study. There were 21 out of 205 long term care institutions and a total number of 452 residents who were more than 45 years old joined this research program after approved by the Ethics Committee of Kaohsiung medical University and informed consent from the institutions and legal caregivers of residents. Oral examination and water swallowing test were conducted, and questionnaire concerning nutritional problems were surveyed through interviews in this research.Results: The correlation between dysphagia and nutritional problems after adjusted by gender and age showed that the odds ratio of dysphagia in those residents with MNA score between 17-23.5 was 3.84 times of those residents with MNA score>23.5, and 7.29 times of those residents with MNA score<17. The odds ratio of dysphagia in those residents with abnormal albumin value was 3.04 times of those residents with normal albumin with statistical significance. The odds ratio of dysphagia in those residents with abnormal cholesterol value was 1.96 times of those residents with normal cholesterol value with statistical significance.Conclusion: The dysphagia statistically significantly impact to nutritional problems with high correlation and cannot be ignored. The effective, proper oral care and development of swallowing training will decrease the dysphagia and enhance their nutrition status.