刑事法庭的組成與運作，涵蓋刑事訴訟法及法院組織法之諸多議題，涉及廣泛，本文無法一一詳述，僅以第一審之通常審判程序為範圍，並以檢察官與法庭之運作，擇是否採起訴狀一本、檢察官之論告，法院之起訴審查、參審制、法定法官原則、裁判之評議等問題加以探討，僅將近來所見，點出實務運作及修法上應考慮的問題，並提出部分淺見，供作參考。

The components and operation of the criminal court include multiple issues related to the code of criminal procedure and the law of court organization, which are too extensive to be individually discussed in this paper. This paper mainly probes into the issues regarding the adoption of (a) indictment-alone system, (b) prosecutor argument, (c) court indictment and trial, (d) participation trial system, (e) legal judge rules, and (f) discussion after trial which are within the common procedure of the first instance mixed with prosecutor and court operations. Some viewpoints are proposed for future consideration pertinent to practical application and law revision by this writer based on the his recent learning.