目前教育部針對12年國教有關評量方面擬採畢業會考方式取代國中基測，此為我國教育的重大變革。本文先就台灣有關中等教育學習成就評量制度的發展、特色及爭議進行探討，並比較分析新舊制度的異同，其次藉由美國、英國、德國、法國及日本等國實施相關制度的探討，分析台灣實施畢業會考的合理性、可行性及相關延伸問題，及進一步探究會考品質把關與評量機制間的關係。本文發現各國中等教育前期有關升（入）學制度與評量制度的做法呈現多元化發展及重視學生成就標準化測驗的趨勢。本文建議台灣應就會考制度的定位問題及相關細節予以釐清，對制度內容的探討可透過5W1H的思惟方式分析問題，期能在前瞻性思考、通盤性規劃及完整性配套的前提下，落實教改願景。

This article is to inquire the development, features and disputes of the assessment of student achievement and to analyze the rationality, feasibility and related problems of the graduation examination in middle school in Taiwan. Through exploring and comparing the systems of the assessment of student achievement in the USA, England, Germany, France and Japan, it indicates: (1) the admission of educational system and the evaluation system of these nations tend to be more diverse; (2) the standardized assessment of student achievement is emphasized a lot. Therefore, I propose to first clearly define the systems, and then analyze the graduation examination. In this way, the regular operation of this new assessment of student achievement system can be assured.