陰道平滑肌瘤是平滑肌肉長出來的良性腫瘤。這種腫瘤痕相當罕見，但確定原因還不清楚。影像學表現是一個從陰道長出來的非特異性、打顯影劑會顯影、界限清楚的腫塊。臨床上不容易診斷，須靠手術後病理檢查確定診斷。我們報告一例陰道平滑肌瘤造成性交疼痛、解尿疼痛及血樣分泌物的症狀。骨盆腔電腦斷層掃描發現膀胱後側有一異質性、打顯影劑會顯影之腫塊，手術後病理報告證實是良性陰道平滑肌瘤。免疫化學染色發現動情激素受體、黃體素受體及上皮成長因子受體皆呈現陽性。

Vaginal leiomyomas are normally benign smooth-muscle tumors of the vagina. These tumors are extremely rare, and their etiology is unknown. The imaging findings are those of a nonspecific well-defined enhanced soft-tissue mass centered on the vagina. Most leiomyomas are not diagnosed clinically but only on histological examination. We present a case of a vaginal leiomyoma arising from the paraurethral region with dyspareunia, dysuria, and bloody discharge. Pelvic computed tomography (CT) revealed a well-defined, heterogeneous soft-tissue mass over the retrovesical region with poor contrast enhancement. Histologic results of the incisional biopsy revealed a leiomyoma. A transvaginal approach with enucleation of the vaginal tumor was smoothly performed. The pathology confirmed the diagnosis of a vaginal leiomyoma. The immunobiochemical staining demonstrated it to be strongly positive for the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and actin.