腎臟的惡性腫瘤中，肉瘤是相對少見的種類，而腎臟肉瘤中的的橫紋肌肉瘤則更為罕見，這類疾病幾乎都以腎實質腫塊的型式來表現，且預後極差，幾乎都於診斷確認兩年內死亡。在本病例報告中，患者為七十七歲女性，她因血尿求診，影像檢查結果發現右側腎盂有一大小為2×2×1.8公分的腫塊，臨床上因此初步懷疑為此為尿路上皮癌症。患者因此接受了右腎切除加膀胱袖口切除手術，病理報告結果卻證實為橫紋肌肉瘤，這是腎臟橫紋肌肉瘤非常罕見的表現方式。此患者術後並無接受其他輔助治療，於歷經追蹤兩年後仍存活且無復發跡象。

Renal sarcomas are relatively uncommon among all renal malignancies. A renal rhabdomyosarcoma almost always manifests as a renal parenchymal tumor. A 77-year-old female was diagnosed with a right renal pelvic tumor, measuring 2×2×1.8 cm, after the workup for hematuria. She received a nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision under the preliminary impression of urothelial cancer. This is a rare presentation of a renal rhabdomyosarcoma. She remained free of recurrence 2 years after receiving only surgical treatment.