產氣性腎盂腎炎是一侵犯腎臟實質的產氣壞死感染，其好發於女性、糖尿病、泌尿道阻塞、酗酒及免疫障礙之病人。電腦斷層是最佳的診斷工具，且可幫助訂定治療計畫。主要的治療方式有藥物治療、經皮引流術、及腎臟切除術，各有不同的優點。我們回顧了近二十年來發表的不同觀點並歸納適當的診治流程步驟，從而提供較佳的癒後結果。

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a necrotizing renal parenchymal infection with production of intraparenchymal gas. EPN predominantly affects female, diabetics, obstructive uropathy, debilitating alcoholism and immunocompromised person. The best tool of diagnosis is computed tomography which also indicates further therapeutic strategies. The major treatments are conservative medical treatment, percutaneous drainage, or
nephrectomy, which has differential advantages. We review the new published points over the last two decades and suggest appropriate procedures to provide the better outcome.